Tapering refers to the period just before a major race or game, when an athlete reduces workload to be in peak shape on the day of the competition. Ordinary exercisers can apply this training principle when they plan to enter a local race or charity event.
Top athletes must spend a tremendous amount of time training to be able to compete successfully. Their huge volume of work leaves them near exhaustion and before major competitions, they have to find the best way to reduce fatigue while retaining fitness. Many studies have been done to help athletes and coaches decide on the best strategy.
Researchers at the University of Montreal compiled the results of 27 scientifically acceptable studies. They concluded that the best duration of tapering is two weeks, the optimum training volume reduction is by 40 to 60 percent, and the intensity of workouts should be maintained (Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, August 2007).
Training load during taper: Almost all of the studies agree that athletes should reduce the amount of work they do. While each athlete must decide on his optimal reduction, many bicycle racers drop from up to 400 miles a week down to fewer than 200, and many runners drop from above 100 miles to fewer than 40.
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Training is specific, so the more you practice your sport, the better you are able to do it. That’s why triathletes who compete and train in three sports are relatively mediocre in each sport when compared to those who only run, cycle or swim. (Sports Biomechanics, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2007).
In this study, elite cyclists produced significantly more effective force on their pedals than triathletes. They had far less wasted side-to-side motion, and they required less oxygen to do the same amount of work.
Repeating the same motion over and over causes your muscles to become more efficient so they can generate more power with less oxygen. For example, when you run, you use your arms to maintain your center of gravity. When your right leg moves forward, so does your left arm; your left leg and right arm move backward.
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This week we briefly tackle the topic of running form…
Q. I was looking through my race photos and I noticed that a turning outwards of the ankle in a few photos– mainly the ones from the Capitol Hill classic (photo 1), which were taken immediately after a big long steep uphill. So, perhaps the hill had something to do with it. Both photos 2 & 3 are at the finish lines of marathons, which were relatively flat.
Another question is– If this ankle turn is a problem, does this make a difference for longer races? Or does it only affect shorter distances/sprints where every split second counts? ~Elizabeth from Virginia (Pictured)
A. Form is an interesting topic. In general, I believe it is important to minimize any body movements that are not working toward moving you forward in a comfortable and efficient manner. To that end, the fact that your ankle is turning significantly in two of the pictures that you sent me is some evidence that there is inefficiency in your stride. However, don’t let that discourage you …
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